Sunday

Two Contrasting Monologues

You guys! I have an approach to audition prep that just might change the game for you. It starts when you read the phrase:

"Please prepare two contrasting monologues."


If you went to drama school, you've probably been taught to have one comedic piece and one dramatic piece just for these sort of situations, and you might mentally catalogue speeches, to be called upon when the need arises. "This is my 1 minute comedic contemporary monologue", "my dramatic classical verse monologue", "my Tennessee Williams monologue", etc. 

While those descriptors are certainly helpful in determining which speeches are right for specific auditions, if you're like me, and pretty much only audition for Shakespeare, you can wind up feeling somewhat stuck when you need to prepare two contrasting monologues.

There simply aren't a ton of inherently "funny" monologues in Shakespeare, particularly for ladies. (Several of my students have made this observation.) The situation may be hilarious in the context of the scene, but strip it down to a single actor giving a speech, and a lot of the time it seems like complaining. Of course, it's possible to make these speeches work, but it can be daunting, and sometimes, the jokes just don't land.

I was prepping for one of these "two contrasting Shakespeare monologues" auditions recently, and I felt stuck with my options for what was truly "contrasting". It's not that I don't have the material, but there just seemed to be a lack of imagination and play if I was doing the monologue that always gets a laugh and the really sad, impassioned speech where I cry. I felt stuck because, as an actor, I am so much more than laughing and crying... and you are, too!



Then, I had a thought that got me completely unstuck from the funny vs serious rut I was in:

What if the contrast wasn't just about the pieces I did, but about the DIRECTION?


I took the two pieces I was most excited about (and sure, one was from a comedy, and the other from a tragedy; both by Shakespeare and in verse), and decided to approach them as though they were directed by two totally different people, with different signature styles!

For my "dramatic" piece, I decided to go super traditional Shakespeare: a little slower than I personally prefer, but honest and earnest, as though the director was Trevor Nunn.

This offset my "comedic" piece, which was ultra-modern, with pauses, emphasis, and physicality that fits right in with the hip, indie Shakespeare scene that Eric Tucker has made his reputation on. 

During my prep, I also imagined what the sets, costumes, props, and lighting would look like, whether there was music, and which actors were playing the people I was speaking to. It really helped me build a whole world in my imagination for my characters to live in, and added to my specificity in the audition. These two ladies were now absolutely NOTHING alike.

By focusing on the make-believe directors for my monologues, I managed to take a lot of pressure off of myself to "be heart-breaking" or to "be funny", and I showed a broader range of what I am capable of when I'm in a show - and I'll bet it will help you showcase your skills, too!

I want to know: did you find this idea helpful? Would you try it out in your own audition prep? If you try it, let me know how it worked for you! How did it make you feel?

Email me at ShakespeareCoach@gmail.com
to schedule a coaching session, and be ready for your next audition!

Friday

CPR & First Aid Certified!

As of 9/1/16, your favorite Shakespeare Coach is now certified in CPR and First Aid by the American Heart Association! I even got a selfie with the dummy after I saved him!



Monday

VIDEO - How to Become a Better Actor TODAY (for free!)



Chances are that if you're an actor, you've run into the challenge of wanting to work on your craft with limited funds... I know I have! That's why I've put together this quick video with 7 tips on how to become a better actor RIGHT NOW without spending a dime - check it out!



Ready to go from scared to PREPARED with Shakespeare?
Email ShakespeareCoach@gmail.com to schedule your first coaching session!


VIDEO - Why You Need to be in Class

I get it. You went to school for theatre; maybe you got a degree or four in it. You've learned a ton, and have the student loan bills to prove it! But if you are (or want to be) an actor, you need to continue to be in class.

Why?

Hear me out in this quick video:



See what I mean? If you want to stay competitive in this constantly-changing, endlessly-challenging field, it is of the utmost importance that you keep your skills sharp, and get new skills as well!

Ready to go from scared to PREPARED with Shakespeare?
Email ShakespeareCoach@gmail.com to schedule your first coaching session!
Visit ShakespeareCoach.com for details!


VIDEO - How to Pronounce Character Names in Shakespeare's King Lear

You all really seem to dig these character pronunciation videos, so here's the latest one: King Lear! 

With names like Goneril, Curan, and Gloucester, this is a must-watch!


Ready to go from scared to PREPARED with Shakespeare?
Email ShakespeareCoach@gmail.com to schedule your first coaching session!

VIDEO - How to Find Your Type in Shakespeare

"Type" is one of those things that confuses and frustrates a lot of actors. What it comes down to is simple marketing: you, the actor, are the product you are selling. You have to know which roles you are most likely to be cast in; how the rest of the world sees you - this is called your "type".

Do you tend to play the funny best friend?

The soccer mom?

The leading man/lady?

The nerdy scientist who ends up being the serial killer in a surprise twist?

In this quick video, I'll give you the tools to find your "type", especially as it relates to Shakespeare's plays!



Ready to go from scared to PREPARED with Shakespeare?
Email ShakespeareCoach@gmail.com to schedule your first coaching session!

VIDEO - 'Zounds!

... wait, what???

*Pretty much everyone's reaction when they first encounter the word " 'Zounds " in a Shakespeare play.

What does it mean? How do you pronounce it? Find out in this super-quick video!


Ready to go from scared to PREPARED with Shakespeare?
Email ShakespeareCoach@gmail.com to schedule your first coaching session.

Wednesday

VIDEO - The Top 5 Most SHOCKING Moments in Shakespeare

Shakespeare is ANYTHING but boring!

There are some moments in his plays that make your jaw drop, and I've made a countdown of what I think are The Top 5 Most SHOCKING Moments in Shakespeare - check it out!



Did you agree with my choices, or do you have your own picks? Let me know in the comments!

Are you an actor? Are your auditions as solid as they could be?
Click here if you want FREE, exclusive access to my training video of the Top 5 MISTAKES Actors Make in Shakespeare Auditions! 

Friday

Are You Making These Audition MISTAKES?

You're a hardworking actor; pounding the pavement, rocking a survival job, and being an all-around BOSS. You're talented, you want it, and you take your craft seriously. Despite all that, you might be making some disastrous choices ITR (that's "in the room", for anyone getting the hang of the Audition Update acronyms).

It's not entirely your fault! Casting Directors are busy people. They're not at the EPA to teach you - they just need to cast a show. So when someone comes in and makes a boo-boo, they just assume they're new or underprepared, say "thank you", and move on. But that actor that makes a classic newbie blunder will just keep doing it over and over again at every audition, and probably keep not getting cast.

That's why you need exclusive access to my training video covering the Top 5 MISTAKES Actors Make in Shakespeare Auditions. And you know what? I'm giving you access to these tips for FREE!

Get Your SHAKES Together HERE!


New and Improved - Midsummer Pronunciations

If you were wondering how to pronounce the names of the characters in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, I've updated my video from a few months ago to include ALL of the characters! 





Thursday

VIDEO - How to Pronounce Character Names in Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale

With names like Paulina, Cleomines, Polixenes, and Perdita, Shakespeare's The Winter's Tale has some of the most complicated character names in the canon! Before you go into that audition or performance, make sure you're saying them right.



Were you surprised by any of these pronunciations? Let me know in the comments!

VIDEO - Top 6 Dos and Don'ts of Slating for Shakespeare Auditions

When you introduce your piece for an audition, that's called a "slate" - and as part of your first impression in an audition, it needs to be on point!

Here are my Top 6 Dos and Don'ts of Slating for Shakespeare Auditions, explained in this quick video:



DO tell the casting personnel which character you're going to be portraying before you begin your piece.

DON'T give them the character's backstory, or explain what's happening in the scene.

DO tell them which play your character is in - but only if there is more than one character with that name in the canon (for example, Helena of A Midsummer Night's Dream vs Helena of All's Well That Ends Well), or if the character appears in more than one play (Marc Antony in Julius Caesar or Antony & Cleopatra).

DON'T give the act and the scene number. The casting directors have probably heard your piece before - maybe even today.

DO make sure you're pronouncing things correctly. Shakespeare has some tricky names for his characters, so be sure you've done your research! This is a simple thing that is overlooked surprisingly often.

DO remember to practice your slate, just like you would practice your monologue. It's part of your audition, and deserves attention!

Did any of these Dos and Don'ts surprise you? Let me know in the comments!

VIDEO - How to Prounounce Character Names in Twelfth Night

Before you head into that audition, are you SURE you're saying those characters' names right?

I can't tell you how many times I've seen otherwise fantastic actors ruin their first impression at an audition by mispronouncing the character's name. Don't let it happen to you!

This 45 second video will take all the guesswork out of how to say these tricky names from Shakespeare's Twelfth Night!




VIDEO - Trochees

Let's talk about TROCHEES! These are the exact opposite of iambs, which I explain here.

This quick, fun video will make you a trochee expert in just 90 seconds!



VIDEO - Speaking the Speech

Before you "speak the speech", follow these tips to make Shakespeare's language sound natural and authentic and like YOU!



VIDEO - The Shakespeare Shows You Need to Know!

Shakespeare wrote dozens of plays, but some are more popular than others!

Do you know which plays are the most popular, and which are strictly for scholars?

Are you familiar with the most popular works of the Bard?

Once you know where the holes are in your knowledge, you can start to fill them in! I'll even help you prioritize in this quick video! Check it out:




VIDEO - How to Use the Lexicon

"If you don't know what you're saying,
the audience won't know what you're saying!"
-Me, all the freaking time

I've said this over and over and OVER. You know it's true, but maybe you aren't sure where to start to know how to decipher Shakespeare's language. 

One of the industry-standard tools is Alexander Schmidt's Shakespeare Lexicon and Quotation Dictionary, but it can be a little tricky to navigate. Check out my quick video tutorial on how to use this tool!

 

 

Sunday

Take the 7-Day Shakespeare Challenge!



Join me for a week-long SHAKESPEARE CHALLENGE!
I'll be working my way through Timon of Athens, but feel free to pick any play you'd like.

If you want a day-by-day breakdown, here's an idea:

Day 1: Choose your play, tag a friend to be your accountability partner, and read Act 1!

Day 2: Read Act 2 and check in with your friend to see how they're doing!
 

Day 3: Read Act 3 and let me know who your favorite character is so far!
 

Day 4: Read Act 4 and let me know what's happened that has surprised you!
 

Day 5: Finish reading the play and check in with your friend to see how they're doing!
 

Day 6: If you've fallen behind with your reading, catch up today! Then find a film version of the play on YouTube and watch the first half of it.
 

Day 7: Finish watching the play and CONGRATULATE yourself and your partner for getting your Shakes together this week!

Join me on Facebook and Instagram and let me know which play you chose!

Wednesday

VIDEO - Iambic Pentameter

For some reason, people hear "iambic pentameter" and they. just. freeze.

It's like they're convinced that they will NEVER understand this concept, just like they'll likely never know the details of molecular biology or why we still have Daylight Savings Time.

If you're one of those people who thinks that iambic pentameter is this scary phrase that is too complicated for you, let me assure you that you are so wrong about that! Watch the video below, and I guarantee you that you'll know what iambic pentameter is in under two minutes, or your money back!*

*It's free.



VIDEO - What to Bring to Auditions

Not sure what to put in your audition bag? Here's my quick guide to the MUST HAVES for every audition!




I always bring at least five copies of my headshot and resume (stapled together, back to back, with the excess paper trimmed off), pens, pencils, and a highlighter, a journal, a snack and some water, and my #1 lifesaver - my headphones! All this goes in my bag that I pack the night before, so I don't have to stress about it in the morning when I'm trying to get out the door. I don't know about you, but I'm not a morning person. I also often bring a phone charger, depending on how long I'll be out and about.

Of course, if you're auditioning for musical theatre, you'll need to bring your book of sheet music, and if you're expected to dance, certain clothes and shoes may be required. Bring what you need to succeed, and have a stress-free audition!

Breaking Down the Bard VIDEO - Verse vs Prose

Do you know how to tell the difference between verse and prose?

This is something that trips a lot of people up, but my quick, minute-long video shows you how to tell the difference INSTANTLY. Check it out!




Breaking Down the Bard VIDEO - Character Name Pronunciations in A Midsummer Night's Dream

I wanted to go over something that's a pet peeve of A LOT of casting directors, producers, and directors in the industry: when actors come into an audition or rehearsal setting and don't know how to say the names of the characters, it looks just plain BAD.

Sure, Shakespeare's character names don't always roll off the tongue, but that's no excuse when you go into an audition setting. Do your research and know how to pronounce the names, and you'll avoid this huge audition mistake, getting you one step closer to getting cast!

Let's start with the characters in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream, because it is so insanely popular. Check out the video I've made below!





Breaking Down the Bard - Dactyls

A dactyl is not a dinosaur - but "dinosaur" is a dactyl!


A dactyl is a metric foot in poetry that is one stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables. You could also think of this like a musical triplet. 
 
 
 
Some words that are dactylic all by themselves are:

Endlessly
Cabbages
Murmuring
President
Mockingbird
Hamilton
... and...

You guessed it: Dinosaur.

Take a look at these dactylic lines of verse, where I've shown the line first as it would appear in a script, followed by how I would scan it:

Julia (The Two Gentlemen of Verona)
Trampling contemptuously on thy disdain

TRAMP-ling con-TEMP-tous-ly ON thy dis DAIN
 
*Pronounce "contemptuously" con - TEMP - chuss - lee to keep it four syllables.

Titania (A Midsummer Night's Dream)
I am a spirit of no common rate

I am a SPI-rit of NO com-mon RATE

Claudius (Hamlet)
Madness in great ones must not unwatch'd go.
 
MAD-ness in GREAT ones must NOT un-watch'd GO.

There is usually more than one way to scan a line of verse. A lot of people would make Titania's line perfect iambic pentameter:

i AM a SPI-rit OF no COM-mon RATE

And while that is completely acceptable, I really like the choice of dactyls for this line. Midsummer is a play that is largely in perfect iambic pentameter, so looking for opportunities to utilize other rhythms and shake it up is a good idea. This is especially powerful here, where Titania might be showing her magical abilities to impress Bottom, who is trying to escape the woods while she is willing him to stay.

Making Julia's line dactylic can help to emphasize the physical action of her stomping all over the torn pieces of the letter she has received. Also, attempting to make this line perfect iambic pentameter sounds really strange:

tramp-LING con-TEMP-tous-LY on THY dis-DAIN

Nope. It's weird. So is Claudius' line:

mad-NESS in GREAT ones MUST not UN-watch'd GO.

Dactyls are pretty frequent in Shakespeare's verse, so when you see a line that can't be perfect iambic pentameter, check to see if it could be dactylic instead!

Wanna step up your Shakespeare game?
Email shakespearecoach@gmail.com to schedule your first session!

Breaking Down the Bard - Sonnets

If you've ever wondered what a sonnet is, I'm gonna break it down for you right now!

Simply put, a sonnet is a type of poem, following a set structure. There are many kinds of sonnets (which this Wikipedia article details). It doesn't necessarily have to be about love, but a lot of them are, because love is a wonderfully rich and complicated topic! We're going to look at the type of sonnet Shakespeare is famous for, called the English Sonnet, the Elizabethan* Sonnet, or the Shakespearean Sonnet.

*Elizabeth I was Queen of England during much of Shakespeare's life, and he wrote many plays and poems during the Elizabethan era.
 
 

The basic structure for this type of sonnet is three quatrains and a couplet - click the links if you missed those or need a reminder. This type of sonnet is typically in iambic pentameter and has a total of fourteen lines. One way to think of the rhyme scheme is this:

- - - - - - - - A
- - - - - - - - B
- - - - - - - - A
- - - - - - - - B
- - - - - - - - - C
- - - - - - - - - D
- - - - - - - - - C
- - - - - - - - - D
- - - - - - - - - - E
- - - - - - - - - - F
- - - - - - - - - - E
- - - - - - - - - - F
- - - - - - - - - - - G
- - - - - - - - - - - G

Let's look at Sonnet 91:
 
 

And here's the same sonnet, but I've shown where the quatrains and the couplet each start and end:
 
 

In the first quatrain, we see that "skill" in the first line rhymes with "ill" in the third line, and "force" in the second line rhymes with "horse" in the fourth. This is contrasted by the couplet that ends the sonnet, where two lines immediately rhyme with each other, "take" and "make".

Another noteworthy Sonnet by Shakespeare is in Romeo and Juliet. The very first time the young lovers speak to each other, they share lines that form a sonnet! Check it out:
 
 

Here, I've marked the structure so that you can easily see the Sonnet form that's hidden in Act I, Scene 5:
 
 

I think it's really cool that Shakespeare had his two star-crossed lovers so on the same page that they could improvise a Sonnet together at their very first meeting!

Shakespeare is not the only person to try his hand at the Elizabethan Sonnet - in fact, many others did, too - but he wrote at least 154 of them, and now you know what makes them tick!

What's your favorite sonnet? Let me know in the comments!

Wanna step up your Shakespeare game?
Email me at ShakespeareCoach@gmail.com to schedule your first session!

Breaking Down the Bard - Tarry, rash wanton!

The first Shakespeare play I ever did was A Midsummer Night's Dream, when I was in sixth grade. I've done it several times over as an adult, and there is one line that was completely butchered - in meaning AND pronunciation - in two of the productions I've done: Tarry, rash wanton!


These are three words that are pretty much extinct in our modern world, strung together. It's not really surprising that it trips people up all the time, but since Midsummer is among the most popular of Shakespeare's plays in both schools and professional theatre, you should definitely know what it means.



Tarry means "stay". Rash means "hasty" or "impulsive". Wanton is not to be confused with the delicious Chinese food dumpling (wonton); and it is pronounced WAHN-tuhn. Wanton has a few different meanings, ranging from a wild and carefree person, to a tomboy, to a sexually promiscuous woman. If you want to learn how to use Alexander Schmidt's Lexicon, which can help you understand just about any word as used by Shakespeare in the contexts of his plays, I have a step-by-step guide here.

Each production can choose which interpretation of wanton they prefer, but a loose "translation" could be:

"Hang on, you reckless skank!"

Wanna step up your Shakespeare game?
Email shakespearecoach@gmail.com to schedule your first session!



Breaking Down the Bard - Quatrains

Last week on Breaking Down the Bard, I explained couplets, or two lines of verse in a row which have an ending rhyme. This week, we'll be looking at another popular rhyme structure in Shakespeare's works: quatrains.



Luciana (The Comedy of Errors)
If you did wed my sister for her wealth,
Then for her wealth's sake, use her with more kindness:
Or if you like elsewhere, do it by stealth,
Muffle your false love with some show of blindness

See how "wealth" rhymes with "stealth" in the first and third lines, and "kindness" with "blindness" in the second and fourth lines? These four lines of alternating ending rhymes make a quatrain.

Here's another way to visualize it:
___________ A
______________B
____________A
______________B   

Lysander (A Midsummer Night's Dream)
Fair love, you faint with wand'ring in the wood:
And to speak troth I have forgot our way.
We'll rest us, Hermia, if you think it good,
And tarry for the comfort of the day.

Getting the hang of this? "Wood" rhymes with "good," and "way" rhymes with "day."

Quatrains can even be shared among characters:

Romeo (Romeo and Juliet)
Have not saints lips, and holy palmers too?

Juliet
Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer.

Romeo
O then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do,
They pray - grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. 

Romeo and Juliet are so in tune with each other that they can rhyme while they flirt! 

Now you can identify what a quatrain is, and you're going to impress everyone when you're doing tablework for your next show!

Wanna step up your Shakespeare game?
Email shakespearecoach@gmail.com to schedule your first session!

Breaking Down the Bard - Couplets

There are two main styles of poetic rhyming that we find in Shakespeare's verse: couplets and quatrains. Being able to easily and quickly identify them will make you look like an absolute rock star in any cold-reading audition, and give you opportunities for some really fun choices.

Today, we're going to look at couplets, sometimes called "rhyming couplets" (which is redundant, but whatever), or "heroic couplets". A couplet is where the endings of two lines of verse in a row rhyme with each other. For example:

Helena (A Midsummer Night's Dream)
Wherefore was I to this keen mockery born?
When at your hand did I deserve such scorn?


Claudius (Hamlet)
My words fly up, my thoughts remain below.
Words without thoughts never to heaven go.


Luciana (The Comedy of Errors)
Gaze when you should, and that will clear your sight.

Antipholus of Syracuse
As good to wink, sweet love, as look on night.

See that? "Born" rhymes with "scorn", "below" with "go", and "sight" with "night". 

Characters can speak in pairs of couplets at length in a monologue - the above couplet of Helena's is from a longer speech of couplets.

Couplets are sometimes used to indicate the end of a scene, or before a shift in the action, like the couplet from Hamlet's Claudius. The scene is mostly rhyme-free, but given a nice "button" with couplets right at the end.

Other times, couplets are shared throughout the scene and among characters. This can be a lot of fun to play with, as it could mean that the characters are on the same level, and in agreement, or sparring, kind of like a rap battle, or that they're in love. Looking at a few additional lines from the same scene of The Comedy of Errors demonstrates this type of back-and-forth.

Luciana
What, are you mad that you do reason so?

Antipholus of Syracuse
Not mad, but mated - how, I do not know.

Luciana
It is a fault that springeth from your eye.

Antipholus of Syracuse
For gazing on your beams, fair sun, being by.

Luciana
Gaze when you should, and that will clear your sight.

Antipholus of Syracuse
As good to wink, sweet love, as look on night.

Luciana
Why call you me love? Call my sister so.

Antipholus of Syracuse 
Thy sister's sister.

Luciana
              That's my sister.

Antipholus of Syracuse 
                              No;

The scene continues, with Antipholus trying to woo Luciana, but did you see that exquisite shared line of verse just now? Thy sister's sister. / That's my sister. / No; is all one line of verse, rhyming with the previous line: Why call you me love? Call my sister so. I think this could be really hot in performance, as the pace seems to quicken!

Next week on Breaking Down the Bard: Quatrains!

Wanna step up your Shakespeare game?
Email shakespearecoach@gmail.com to schedule your first session!

Breaking Down the Bard - Soft


Romeo
He jests at scars that never felt a wound.
But soft, what light through yonder window breaks?
It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.

Olivia
Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions and spirit
Do give thee fivefold blazon. Not too fast! Soft, soft!
Unless the master were the man. How now?
Even so quickly may one catch the plague?

Gloucester
And thus I clothe my naked villainy,
With odd old ends stol'n forth of holy writ,
And seem a saint, when most I play the devil.
But soft, here come my executioners.
How now, my hardy, stout, resolved mates,
Are you now going to dispatch this thing?

The word "soft" is already in your vocabulary as the antonym of "hard", and the opposite of "loud". But when you run across this word in Shakespeare's text used as you see in the examples above, it doesn't really seem to mean "cushy" or "quiet". Sometimes, words that used to have several definitions have only maintained a few of them as time passed and language has evolved, so we need to dig a little deeper to understand the true meaning of a seemingly familiar word in its 400-year-old context.

This is an instance where Alexander Schmidt's Lexicon doesn't offer a lot of help:



However, a father and son pair of Shakespeare scholars, David Crystal and Ben Crystal, explore the possible meanings a bit further in their glossary, Shakespeare's Words. (Their website is a phenomenal resource, and can be found here.) Check out the fourth "soft" down:



In the above instances (and many more), the word "soft" is spoken as a sort of interjection. It interrupts the action, and shows a shift in the direction that the scene is about to go. 

In Act II, Scene 2 of Romeo & Juliet, Romeo is hiding from his friends, Benvolio and Mercutio, who were loudly searching for him and mocking him. The appearance of Juliet surprises him. Whether he anticipated her arrival or he just lucked out, this is an exciting change of events, so Romeo's "But soft" is basically another way to say "hold up", or "hang on"!

Olivia is having an exciting moment for her "Soft, soft!" in Twelfth Night's Act I, Scene 5. Although she has sworn off courtship to mourn her father and brother, when she meets the Viola (in disguise as "Cesario"), she is smitten. Alone onstage, she recalls portions of their previous conversation and then lists several of Cesario's best attributes before saying "Not too fast! Soft, soft!" She may be sprung, but she's practically saying "slow your roll!" She hardly knows the guy, but she can't deny her feelings, which propels a lot of action in this play .

Finally, in Richard III, Act I, Scene 3, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, is bragging about how well he is fooling everyone into thinking that he's a good guy in one of his several soliloquies. Then, the two murderers he has hired to kill his brother arrive, and he shifts back into the scene with "But soft, here come my executioners." He might as well say, "wait a moment" as he turns the focus to these new characters.

When you see "soft" used in this way, especially in a soliloquy or aside, be on the lookout for a change in the energy and direction of the scene. Think of it as "hold up", "wait", "just a sec", or even "slow your roll, girlfriend", and you'll help the audience follow your character's journey!

Wanna step up your Shakespeare game?
Email shakespearecoach@gmail.com to schedule your first session!
To learn more, visit ShakespeareCoach.com.

Breaking Down the Bard - Fair


Helena (A Midsummer Night's Dream)
How happy some o'er othersome can be!
Through Athens, I am thought as fair as she.
But what of that? Demetrius thinks not so...

Audrey (As You Like It)
Well, I am not fair, and therefore I pray the gods make me honest.

Chorus (Romeo & Juliet)
Two households, both alike in dignity,
In fair Verona, where we lay our scene...

You may have guessed that the word "fair" is ALL OVER THE PLACE in Shakespeare's plays. It's a word that we, in the 21st century, primarily use to mean "just, in accordance with the rules or standards; legitimate." And sure, it often means that in Shakespeare's text, too, but it also has a few other definitions, most notably "beautiful", "of a white complexion", and "clear, unspotted, pure." Sometimes, it even means "kind", "good", or even "honorable." 

One thing that we have to be aware of when we approach Shakespeare's plays 400+ years after they were written is the ideals of the people presenting the plays and the intended audience. Shakespeare's audience seemed to enjoy, appreciate, and idealize their definition of beauty. This type of "fair" includes people of a pale complexion (particularly ladies), and people with blonde hair.

This is especially apparent in a play like A Midsummer Night's Dream, where the two young ladies, Hermia and Helena, are rivals. Helena mentions in her soliloquy at the beginning of the play that "through Athens, I am thought as fair as she". As the play progresses, we see numerous references to Hermia being darker in color (in hair or skin, it isn't specified): "Not Hermia, but Helena I love./ Who will not change a raven for a dove?" is Lysander's love declaration to Helena. As the "dove" in this metaphor, she would be more "fair" (light in color) than a "raven", and therefore more beautiful to Elizabethans than the darker Hermia.

In As You Like It, Audrey says that she is "not fair", which probably means "not beautiful", but also likely means "not pale." Many characters we meet in the Forest of Arden are shepherds and goatherds, and they would spend a great deal of time in the sun. To many Elizabethans, being pale was part of being ideally beautiful, so the idea of Audrey using "fair" in the "pale/beautiful" context holds up. In the same play, Phebe is insulted when her features are described as dark: "He said mine eyes were black and my hair black..." The amazing thing about Shakespeare's writing is that even though his characters' ideals of beauty may be different from what ours currently are, he makes it abundantly clear that this is what matters in this particular society of the play!

In these instances and many others, "fair" is a synonym for "beautiful." This can apply to objects as well as people:

Proteus (The Two Gentlemen of Verona)
But pearls are fair...

Sometimes, "fair" means "good":

Olivia (Twelfth Night)
Let thy fair wisdom, not thy passion, sway
In this uncivil and unjust extent
Against our peace.

Finally, let's look at the opening lines from Romeo & Juliet. "Fair Verona" could mean a great many things: a beautiful city, a just and lawful place, a place without blemish (i.e. nothing bad happens here), it's elegant, and even fortunate. Any and all of these choices are accurate descriptions of the Verona we see in the text - until things go horribly wrong! 

"Fair" is a very common word in Shakespeare's plays, and now you'll have a jumping off point for what it means in different contexts!

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